Current issue

College of Business E-Journal 

Spring 2024 Volume XIX, Issue I

ISSN  number 2158-303X

I. THE EFFECT OF NAME, IMAGE, AND LIKENESS (NIL) POLICIES ON SPORTS GAMBLING

ABSTRACT

Issues surrounding the amateur status of college athletes and the restrictions on receiving revenue beyond educational expenses are among the most widely discussed topics in public policy.  Known as name, image and likeness (NIL), these three elements contrive a legal concept known as “right of publicity.”  Although individual college athletes have historically been very limited in receiving cash or in-kind benefits, athletic department revenues continue to rise at a rapid rate (Thomas, 2022).  The revenue generated from intercollegiate athletics has experienced monumental growth in recent years. For the 2021 fiscal year, the NCAA reported total record sports revenues of $1.16 billion, with many individual athletic departments exceeding $200 million each (Jones, 2022).  The sheer size and growth rates of these athletic revenues have increased media attention to these financial and athlete-related issues.  These increasing revenues have also provided a sense that the market value of individual players can be substantial, which has led current and former players to voice their concern for more revenue sharing (Williams, 2022). 

by

Keith Lowe, PhD

Professor of Business Statistics

Jacksonville State University

700 Pelham Road North

Jacksonville, AL 36265

Phone: (256) 782-5506

klowe@jsu.edu

& 

Allen Gilbert, PhD

Associate Professor of Sports Management

Jacksonville State University

700 Pelham Road North

Jacksonville, AL 36265

Phone: (256) 782-5514

agilbert@jsu.edu

 II. A STRATEGIC RESEARCH PROPOSAL FOR DEVELOPING POLICY TO NATIONALIZE DE-ESCALATION TRAINING IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

ABSTRACT

There are substantial challenges in delivering effective de-escalation training with meaningful outcomes because there isn’t a standardized definition for “De-Escalation” (Engel, McManus & Herold, 2020a). The main challenge is the relative lack of empirical insight into what the definition of de-escalation should be. In theoretical terms, policing is increasingly recognized as complex and dynamic, as an identity and a ‘practice’ played out in a range of interpersonal contexts, which is enabled and constrained by “often contradictory” social norms.  Also, there is not much direct empirical evidence for moderating the relationship between education and training when it comes to measuring a police officer's performance (decision-making and behavior) in their duty.  Overall, today, it is critically essential that a formal nationalized de-escalation training policy is developed on the foundation of a structured advanced academic approach to help confront the complex interpersonal problems facing the law enforcement profession in the United States. 

Keywords: De-escalation, Nationalized training, Perception, Lifelong Learning, Law Enforcement Profession

by

VINCENT JEMISON, D.M.

University of Phoenix

Email: drewjemi@email.phoenix.edu 

& 

Mr. BRETT KRIGER

Email: brett.kriger@gmail.com